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With Philippus Prudens, a genealogical historical treatise written in Latin, the Cistercian priest Juan Caramuel de Lobkowitz, pursues to demonstrate the legitimate majesty of Philip II over the Kingdom of Portugal and Algarve. He is against the image of Philip II as “usurper” of the throne of Don Alfonso Henriques. Throughout his five chapters or books, he tries to prove, through various resources, the right of Philip II to access the throne of Portugal: without following the argument of the best line of succession, in relation to Don Manuel I (the same that he considers secondary). Prudens gives the reason of the possession of Portugal as inheritance of the Kings of Leon and, in a certain way, of Castile. We now list the chapters of the treaty (in Latin).

I – Genealogicus: originem, res gestas, successionem Regum Lusitaniae ex monumentis fidelissimis recenset.

II – Demonstrat Alfonsum VI, Thareiae Henrici Comitis uxoris patrem, ipsiusque posteros Legionensium Reges usque ad Austriacum Philippum IV, Hispaniae Regem, fuisse legitimos Monarchas Lusitaniae.

III – Supponit Afonsum Henriquez et ipsius successores usque ad Ferrandum I inclusive, fuisse veros Lusitanorum Reges. Item Agnetem de Castro legitime nupsisse Petro I Portugalliae Regi: inde demonstrat ad Agnetis Reginae posteros, Castellae Reges, pertinere coronam Lusitaniae.

IV – Ex hypothesi quod D. Agnes de Castro fuerit Infantis Petri pellex, non uxor, demonstrat, nec Ioannem I, Magistrum Avisensium, nec ipsius posteros fuisse legitimos Monarchas Portugalliae: illudque Regnum recuperationis iure ad Reges Castellae pertinere.

V – Supponit, omnes Lusitaniae Reges ab Afonso Henriquez usque ad Henricum I, fuisse legitimos ac veros Portugallensium Reges: demonstrat nihilominus, hoc Regnum, ad Catholicum Hispaniarum Monarcham hereditario iure pertinere.